#10. AFFIRMATIVE & NEGATIVE AGREEMENT, NEGATION, COMMANDS & VOCABULARY AND READING

#10. AFFIRMATIVE & NEGATIVE AGREEMENT, NEGATION, COMMANDS & VOCABULARY AND READING

Affirmative & Negative Agreement : So,

Too, And

AFFIRMATIVE AGREEMENT (so. too. and also)

Sebenarnya kata so, too, dan also mempunyai arti yang sama yaitu juga, pula, pun. Tapi dalam penggunaannya terdapat perbedaan, so digunakan sebelum tobe(s) dan auxilliaries (kata bantu).

Example:

1.      My wife will talk to him and so will I

2.      My wife has talked about it, and so have I

3.      My wife talked about it, and so did I

4.      My wife is talking about it, and so am I

Sedangkan too dan also digunakan setelah tobe(s) dan auxilliaries.

Example:

1.      My wife will talk to him and I will too

2.      My wife has talked about it, and I have too

3.      My wife talked about it, and I did also

4.      My wife is talking about it, and I am also

NEGATIVE AGREEMENT (neither and either)

Hampir sama dengan penjelasan affirmative agreement di atas, neither dan either memiliki arti yang sama yaitu: tidak keduanya, atau kedua-duanya tidak. Untuk neither digunakan sebelum auxilliary verb, for example:

1.      My roommate won't go, and neither will I

2.     My roommate hasn't gone, and neither have I

3.      My roommate doesn't go, and neither do I

4.     My roommate isn't going, and neither am I

Dan untuk either digunakan setelah auxilliary verb dan kata "not", for example:

1.      My roommate won't go, and I won't(will not) either

2.      My roommate hasn't gone, and I haven't either

3.      My roommate doesn't go, and I don't either

4.      My roommate isn't going, and I am not either

Hal lain yang harus diperhatikan yaitu untuk pemakaian tobe dan auxilliaries setelah kata "..and.." harus sesuai dengan tobe dan auxilliaries yang digunakan di awal kalimat, seperti :

1.      My wife is talking about it, and so am I

2.      My wife has talked about it, and I have too

3.      My roommate won't go, and neither will I

4.      My roommate doesn't go, and I don't either

2.              Negation : Neither, Either, Hardly,

Barely, Rarely, Seldom, etc

NEGATION

Negation adalah bentuk pernyataan negatif. Walaupun hal ini tidak begitu asing, namun di bawah ini akan kami jelaskan bentuk-bentuk negation, atau bentuk-bentuk bagaimana membentuk suatu pernyataan negatif.

1.      Dengan Kata Kerja (VERB)

a.       With a simple form:
Subject + (The negative of the auxiliary DO (or MODALS)) + simple form.
Examples:
    - I don't  know
    - We didn't see (Not I didn't saw)
    - He couldn't stay

b.      With a past participle:
Subject + (The negative of the  auxiliaries BE or HAVE) + past participle.
Examples:
    - They haven't  seen
    - She wasn't driving
    - You hadn't forgotten

2.      Dengan Kata Benda (NOUN)
Jangan gunakan 2 kali Negation dalam 1 kalimat yang sama.
Contoh:

I do not see no evidence. (SALAH)

a.       Positive sentences:
No+ noun
Examples:
    - I see no evidence
    - No one is concerned

b.      Negative sentences: 
Examples:
    - I do not see any evidence
    - They are not concerned

Either and neither function in simple statement much like “so” and “”too” in affirmative sentences. However, either and neither are used to indicate negative agreement. The same rules for auxilaries, be and do, does or did apply.

Contoh Kalimat lainnya:

1.                   The manager isn’t too happy with the project, and neither is his assistant.

2.                   We can’t study in the library, and he can’t either.

3.                   You didn’t pay the taxes, and they didn’t either.

4.                   My Brother won’t accept my father’s decision, and my sister won’t either.

5.                   He doesn’t know the answer, and neither does she.

Negative statement + and + [ S + negative auxiliary or be + either]
Negative statement + and + [ neither + positive auxiliary or be + S ]
Examples:
I didn’t see Bella this morning. Edward didn’t see Bella this morning
I didn’t see Bella this morning and Edward didn’t either.
I didn’t see Bella this morning and neither did Edward.
Additional examples:
1. The children shouldn’t take that medicine, and neither should she.
2. We don’t plan to attend the concert, and neither do they.
3. I don’t like tennis, and he doesn’t either.
4. She didn’t see anyone she knew, and neither did Tim.
5. The Yankees couldn’t play due to the bad weather, and neither could the Angels.
6. Mary can’t type well, and her sister can’t either.
7. I’m not interested in reading that book, and neither is she.
8. They won’t have to work on weekends, and we won’t either.
9. I can’t stand listening to that music, and she can’t either.
10. Michael doesn’t speak English, and his family doesn’t either.
11. That scientist isn’t too happy with the project, and neither are her supervisors.
12. We can’t study in the library, and they can’t either.
13. I haven’t worked there long, and neither have you.
14. You didn’t pay the rent, and she didn’t either.
15. They didn’t want anything to drink, and neither did we.
16. John shouldn’t run so fast, and neither should you.
17. The students won’t accept the dean’s decision, and the faculty won’t either.
18. Your class hasn’t begun yet, and neither has mine.
19. She couldn’t attend the lecture, and her sister couldn’t either.
20. He didn’t know the answer, and neither did I

3.Commands : Negative commands,

Negative Indirect Commands

COMMANDS (Kalimat Perintah)

Dalam bahasa inggris, kalimat perintah (Commands), selalu dimulai dengan kata kerja yang berbentuk“Infinitive – tanpa to” jika tidak ada kata kerja, kiat menggunakan “Be + Adjectives”

Contoh :

1.      Open your book!

2.      Clean the blackboard!

3.      Show me your book!

4.      Light a candle!

5.      Be careful!

NEGATIVE COMMANDS (Kalimat Larangan)

Kalimat larangan (Negative Commands) dimulai dengan ” Don’t + Infinitive – tanpa – to “ jika tidak ada kata kerja, kita menggunakan “ Don’t be + Adjectives “

Contoh :

1.      Don’t make noise!

2.      Don’t read this letter!

3.      Don’t lock the door!

4.      Don’t be naughty!

5.      Don’t be angry!